As mentioned in
Developing Business Process Server adapters, an adapter (also called an external performer or EP) is a Java class that provides a mechanism to integrate third party classes and actions; for example, automating certain functions and tasks performed by a server or other external systems.
Adapters are the "performers" of Adapter worksteps. Depending on the application requirements, you may use a predefined internal system Adapter or develop your own Adapter in Web application development.